I've had to set this up on three computers in the last couple of weeks and I forgot both how to do it and how to google for it effectively every single time, so here it goes as a memo to future-self for next time.

If your git status shows gibberish like this for non-ASCII file names:

$ git status
On branch master
[...]

    modified:   "\350\265\244\343\201\204\346\214\207"

The solution is to disable quotes in paths:

$ git config --global core.quotePath false

Tadam:

$ git status
On branch master
[...]

    modified:  赤い指